Dinamika Sosial dan Ujaran Kebencian di Zaman Khalifah Umar: Pelajaran untuk Masa Kini

Abstract

This paper discusses the social dynamics and hate speech during the reign of Caliph Umar bin Khattab, and the lessons that can be drawn for the modern context. In this period, ethnic and religious diversity was a source of challenge, but also potential for societal stability. Umar's policies emphasizing social justice and tolerance contributed to the reduction of tensions. In addition, economic discontent served as a trigger for hate speech, demonstrating the importance of inclusive economic policies. The role of the media in information dissemination was also highlighted, given its impact on social tensions. Education that emphasizes the values of tolerance and empathy is identified as a long-term solution to creating a more harmonious society. Overall, this paper emphasizes that the principles implemented by Caliph Umar remain relevant and applicable to face similar challenges in the modern era.